In adjusting entries, accounts of real and nominal accounts have shown the actual balance. From the recording of adjustments, the company can develop a tool to assist in the preparation of financial statements. Aids in the form of working papers.

The working paper is a list of recording the trial balance, adjustments, and the classification of ledger accounts as an aid in preparing the financial statements. Shaped strip of paper work, so often called a work sheet. Working paper serves as a tool in preparing the financial statements. Because of its function, the working paper is not the ultimate goal of the accounting records.

Use of papers have shown an overview of the accounting process needs to be done to prepare financial statements. Purposes of working papers include:
a. Facilitate in preparing financial statements.
b. Reduce errors that may occur in the adjustment.
c. Check the correctness of the account records that have been done.

Form of working papers used in the form of accounting includes six columns, eight columns, the columns of ten, and twelve columns. However, the form of working papers used are ten columns.

The preparation of working papers must follow the accounting cycle stages in preparing the financial statements. Step-by-step preparation of working papers of ten columns can be explained as follows:
a. Creating a working paper containing a column of ten columns account number, account name, trial balance, adjustments, profit / loss, and balance.
b. Fill in the trial balance with the balance of the accounts ledger.
c. Fill column with paragraph adjustments adjustments have been made previously.
d. Fill in the adjusted trial balance by combining the balance of the trial balance and adjusting entries. If the balance of the trial balance and adjustments are equally debit or credit, adjusted trial balance columns recorded the sum of the two balances. If different, adjusted trial balance columns filled with the difference of the balances are.
e. Fill in the profit / loss with nominal accounts, namely the revenue and expense accounts.
f. Fill in the balance sheet with real accounts.

Incoming Terms:

• how would you prepare general ledger working paper

Forecasting or Prevoyance (France) is the predicted activity, project or make estimates of the various possibilities that occurred before anything more definite plans to do. For example, an academy, predicts the number of students who will register for the educated at the academy. Divination is done by using several indicators, such as the number of high school graduates, the number of high school, and so forth. An enterprise engaged in industry should be held forecasting about how great the number of their products by taking into account the number of production companies, per capita income members of society, buying habits, and so forth. So, in other words, forecasting has a very important role in determining what should be done in order to get success in the future. Could also be a good tool in determining management decisions.

International trade will give the international consequences of the transactions related to international payments. Means of payment in international transactions using foreign currency or foreign currency. International transactions will affect a country’s balance of payments equilibrium.
International trade encourages countries to create a payment tool that can be accepted by many countries. Upon mutual agreement, international means of payment in the form of foreign exchange that can be cashed in foreign currency.

Foreign exchange rates
Every country has a currency that is different. This difference drives the need for exchange rates or exchange rates. This shows the nominal exchange rate of the domestic currency against foreign currencies in a single unit. However, in the foreign exchange rates you’ll see the difference between the selling rate and buying rate value. The value of foreign exchange rates have an important role in the smooth traffic of international payments. Foreign exchange rates facilitate the exchange of currencies and transfer funds from one country to another country. A foreign currency exchange rate will be amended from time to time. In general, to determine high or low foreign exchange rates consist of free exchange, fixed exchange rate, and exchange rate stabilized.

Factors that cause changes in currency values
Some important factors that influence changes in foreign exchange rates, among others:
a. Changes in prices of export goods
b. Inflation (rise in general prices)
c. Changes in interest rates and return on investment
d. Changes in public taste
e. Noneconomic factors.

a. currency
currency is the currency issued by a government or bank circulation that serves as legal tender. Currency consists of state money or government money and the money spent by the bank circulation. Circulation bank is a bank to obtain the authority to spend money, namely Bank Indonesia. According to its form, the currency consists of paper money and coins. Since 1968, state money is not circulating anymore.

b. demand deposits
demand deposits is a bill or account at a bank that can be used as a medium of exchange through the intermediary checks, demand deposits, pay orders, and wire transfers. Demand deposits intangible regular money, but a record in the books of the bank on behalf of someone.
1. Checks, is the warrant of a person who has a bank account at the bank to pay some money to the person named on the check. Checks are one conversion tool demand deposits into currency.
2. Giro, is a demand for someone who has a bank account at the bank to pay by transferring part or all of their accounts to those who paid. Giro is a tool to move the demand deposits.
3. Command pay, an order from someone who has a bank account at the bank to pay a sum of money either part or the whole account to a designated person. Commands to pay is a tool to move and change demand deposits into currency.
4. Telegrafic transfer, payment using telegrafic transfer is made by moving some or all of the designated account to someone located in another area. Telegrafic transfer including one tool to convert and transfer demand deposits into currency.

meaning of money
Money is a goods that has specific properties and functions to facilitate the exchange.

Terms of money
a. Acceptable to the public.
b. Stable value or fixed
c. Durable and not easily broken.
d. Easy to carry anywhere.
e. Easily be shared without reducing the value.
f. Having a quality time.
g. The amount is limited.

functions of money
Money has the following functions:
a. original function
1. money as a tool for public exchange, it means everything in the form of items or services can be exchanged for money.
2. money as a tool to calculate the unit, meaning that money can be used to determine its size required in the production cost.

b. derivative function
1. Exchange as an indicator of the price, meaning to indicate the unit price of the goods specified by the number of units of currency.
2. money for payment, meaning that money is used to convert the goods or services in buying and selling activities, to pay taxes, fines and others.
3. Exchange as a means to save or store, that means to save some money from the production.
4. Exchange as a driver of economic activities, everyone worked hard to earn money.
5. money as a tool for shaping and transfer of wealth, that means collect or save the form of wealth. Money can also be used as a tool to convert the wealth that can not be moved.
6. money as a tool for forming the creator of employment and capital, meaning money can be exploited to build a company that can, in turn absorb the workforce.
7. money as debt payment default, meaning that money can be used to pay debt, calculated with the standard or measure of money.

Economic problems facing humans is limited tool and not limited fulfillment of human needs, causing scarcity. Seeing this fact, if human needs are met all? The answer is no. To meet its needs, human needs goods and services. Availability of goods and services because there are people who produce it, namely the manufacturer. A manufacturer in producing goods and services also face various problems.

To overcome the problem of scarcity, people must make a choice from the many options that can be done. At least the option taken is the best according to the individual concerned. Well, to analyze the determination of choice and economic problems can be used several questions as follows.
a. What will be produced (what). This question is concerned about items that will be produced and the amount to be produced. So, this question is to determine the use of certain resources and that will be generated.
b. How (how). This question relates to how resources are provided, allocated, and combined in order to get maximum results. This means that the results obtained should be greater than the costs incurred. In addition, this question relates to the use of proper techniques in the production process so as to produce the most efficient products.
c. For whom (for Whom). When you see an industry around where you live, you may be wondering why they produce the goods? For whom the goods are made? To meet the needs of surrounding communities or for the entire country or for export? For the lower segments of society, middle, or top? How did the distribution of the goods to reach the consumer quickly and efficiently? Questions should be addressed by manufacturers of goods produced in order to get into the hands of consumers.

In modern society, solving the third problem is solved by the market mechanism is the interaction between demand and supply. Goods that people want reflected in the price. Therefore, if the manufacturer will decide the items to be produced may be guided by the price level of goods. In addition, the production process is also determined by the producer price mechanism. It can be seen from the efforts manufacturers to produce goods efficiently in order to obtain maximum benefit. The price mechanism also plays a role in distribution activities. If a manufacturer has more factors of production will receive more revenue.

Requirement encourages people to create goods and services as a means of fulfillment. The tool needs the form of goods can be grouped as follows:

a. Goods acquired by way of
after the manner of acquiring, goods can be divided into the following:
1. Economic goods. The amount is relatively limited, while that need it very much. Therefore, to obtain the goods necessary sacrifice in the form of money or manpower. Almost all goods produced by humans is an economic good.
2. Free goods. Available in abundant quantities exceeding the amount required by the community. Therefore, these items can be gained without sacrifice. Examples of items are free of air and sunlight.
3. Illith goods. Is the stuff that if it is available in excessive amounts would be detrimental, even dangerous to human life. Examples of water and fire. Water is needed for many things such as drinking, bathing, washing, and cooking. Fire is needed for cooking. However, if in very much, water can cause flooding and fire can result in a fire that harm humans.

b. Goods according to their use
classification of things here to distinguish the goods to the following:
1. Consumption goods. Are goods that can be directly used to meet human needs. Consumer goods are often referred to as finished goods or final goods. Consumption goods can be divided into non-durable consumer goods such as vegetables or bread, and durable consumer goods such as apparel and home furnishings.
2. Goods production. Is the stuff that used to produce consumer goods or goods of other capital goods. Production of goods used in advanced production processes.

c. Goods according to its relationship with other goods
in conjunction with other goods, we can classify the tool needs to be the following:
1. Substitution of goods. Are goods that are interchangeable. For example replaces pencil pen to write.
2. Complementary goods. Are goods whose use must be equipped with other items. Therefore, complementary goods also called complementary goods. For example a car with gasoline.

d. Goods according to the manufacturing process
1. Raw goods. Is the manufacture of appliance needs. Raw materials can not be used without prior treatment. Raw material is usually a result of natural or agricultural products. Examples of iron ore used for the manufacture of iron and steel materials.
2. Intermediate goods. Is the result of processing of raw goods, but is still used in subsequent production processes. For example prepared from cotton yarn and used again for textile raw materials.
3. Finished goods. An end item of a series of production processes and is ready for consumption. Finished goods are also called end items. For example clothing and footwear.

Efforts seen from the development of human civilization, among others:
a. Using the natural surrounding environment by:
1. hunt
2. catch fish, using simple tools
3. picking the fruit, leaves tubers and so forth.
In this era called the era of wandering (nomadic) and it turns out, people still do not meet the needs of all.

b. Commercialize natural way:
1. cultivate the land
2. water use
3. using herbs
4. using animal power, solar thermal and other tools.
This era is called the agricultural “green revolution”.

c. Although the existence of a new civilization, but there’s still rare that a tool or technology, so that the resulting exchange or barter and trade eventually. If the device needs no human was in place, then people look for somewhere else, other regions and even other countries.
You do this by:
1. barter
2. exchanged for money
3. processed
4. stored
5. imitated.
Due to the scarcity of sharing dwindle due to new discoveries with the “industrial revolution”.

d. Trying to do together
Realized because of the limited ability of human, thoughts, actions, and its reach, need the help of others. The results obtained with the joint venture will be much more than the business itself. The results obtained were jointly strived to improve the welfare of his life, prosperity can be achieved, eliminate hunger, squalor, poverty. All the necessities of life could be available for today, tomorrow and the future can be calculated. Therefore, the interdependence between human beings, need cooperation between countries, need to increase prosperity, and realize a shared responsibility. In fact, thanks to advances in technology, now called the era “communication”, as if the world is more narrow and fused.

In accordance with the understanding the bank, the banking products of which are as follows:
a. Credit passive (collect public funds in the form of deposits) in the form of the following:
- Current account deposits which can be used as a means of payment and withdrawal can be done at any time by using checks, other means of payment orders, or by way of transfer.
- Deposits are deposits that withdrawal can only be done at certain times according to the agreement between the deposit with the bank concerned.
- Certificates of deposit of savings deposits which evidence can be traded.
- Withdrawal of savings deposits which can only be done according to certain agreed conditions, but can not be withdrawn by check or an equivalent tool.
- Securities are debt instruments, money orders, shares, bonds are commonly traded in capital markets and money markets.

b. Credit is active (channel to the public or serve the credit to the community, both short-term loans, medium term and long term), including:
- Credit checking account (R / K), meaning that the credit granted in accordance with their needs with guaranteed securities, goods or chattels in a warehouse.
- Reimburs credit (letters of credit), which means loans by paying the purchase price of goods after clients showed evidence of shipment of goods between countries.
- Credit acceptors, which means the credit given by way of signing bills of exchange drawn by customers and sold to the bank.
- Documentary credits, meaning that the credit given to the security documents submitted to the bank.
- Loans with collateral securities, which means that credits granted to clients to buy securities.

c. Provide payment services in traffic, good traffic of domestic payments and international payments.

Such as banks, non bank financial institutions also have specific products in its activities, including the following:
a. Financing companies.
b. Lessor (leasing).
c. Factoring company.
d. Mortgage companies.
e. Credit card companies.
f. Insurance companies.
g. Pension fund administration companies.

Money is a vital tool in our lives today. Without money, we will not be able to meet the needs and desires in life. Money is one object among many objects in the economic sense. Each object has a value, although the value of a single object with other objects is not the same. Society gives value to a thing, because it provides benefits to the community concerned. Only objects that have value to her request. So as for why people give value to something that matter, is because it was requested by the communities concerned, in other words because it gives benefits or to meet the specific needs of the communities concerned. The greater the benefits or needs can be met by something object, the higher the value of the object in question. Conversely the less the benefits provided by some things, the lower the value assigned by society to him.

Why does money have value? This question is not difficult to answer if it was accepted that the money that too is an object. Money as an object can not be separated from the description mentioned above. Clearly the money has value, because the public making a request to it. Furthermore, that money has value because it can meet the needs of the community in many ways. Indeed it is only as an intermediary tool alone, but because the money was to benefit as an intermediary tool then that money has value. Thus did the changes the value of money is closely linked to demand changes to it.

Whenever such a rising demand for money, then the value of money rises, the opposite if the demand for money is a little money and even then the value will decline. Rise and fall of demand for money we can see from the speed of the velocity of money. The faster the velocity of money means less demand for money, meaning money fled to the goods. Conversely, the slower velocity of money, the greater the demand for money, in other words the more people want to save some of his wealth in the form of money. In the circumstances the velocity of money very fast which means lower demand for money, value for money will fall. Furthermore, in a state of very slow turnover, which means rising demand for money, value for money will rise.

Incoming Terms:

• velocity exchange rate