Mutual fund is a collection of stocks, bonds and other securities purchased by a group of investors and managed by a professional investment company. A person with limited funds can buy some units of equity participation and enjoy the benefits of ownership of a variety of effects. Moreover, investors do not bother to analyze the effect.

There are two types of mutual funds, namely the type of company and collective investment. This type of liability is a form of mutual funds in a limited company (PT). In Indonesia are classified into two types, namely mutual funds open and closed mutual funds. Meanwhile, the type of collective investment is a contract between an investment manager and custodian bank representing the legalization of the unit owners or investors. This contract authorizes the investment menajer to manage portfolios of collective investment and custodian bank to act as custodian for collective funds.

There are many benefits that investors invest in mutual funds.
a. Potential rate of return. There are two kinds of rate of return expected by investors, the dividends or interest received from investment managers and capital gains from the increase in net asset value.
b. Diversification. A mutual fund portfolio consists of a variety of effects that can be owned by investors with relatively little cost.
c. Professional management. Investors do not need to analyze the effect because the task has been done by a professional investment manager.
d. Liquidation. Mutual funds are open-type highly liquid because investors can sell his units at any time to the investment manager.

In addition to these benefits, mutual funds can provide a huge potential losses as more vulnerable to risk, except for money market funds. In addition, for a closed mutual fund investors can not sell its investments whenever he wants. This is because the sale of mutual funds should be made on a stock depends on supply and demand is there.

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First we discussed about the understanding of stock. Stock is a certificate showing proof of ownership of a company. There are two types of shares, as follows:
a. Common stock, is the most frequent type of effect used by the issuer to obtain funds from the public. Shares of this type is the most popular stocks on the stock market because it has the following characteristics:
1. last claim rights over corporate assets if the company liquidated
2. proportional voting rights at general meetings of shareholders
3. acquisition dividend if the company makes a profit and approved in general meeting of shareholders
4. pre-emptive rights before the securities are offered to the public.

b. Preferred stock, has the following characteristics:
1. dividend payments in the amount fixed
2. claim first rights than common stock if the company liquidated
3. can be converted into ordinary shares

Any form of investment in capital market instruments has its advantages and disadvantages of each. The benefits that you can get at later want to invest in shares are as follows:
a. Dividends, is part of company profits distributed to shareholders. The amount of dividends to be distributed was decided in a general meeting of shareholders. Dividends can be distributed in the form of cash dividends (some cash) or dividend shares (new shares).
b. Capital gains. Investors can earn capital gains when the stock traded. If the stock price higher than the purchase price of the shares means that investors obtain capital gains.

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A week ago, I designed a promise that I’d abandon my unfocused ways and search in on five stocks that appear to be particularly interesting at this time. Taking center stage at this time is ArcelorMittal (New york stock exchange: MT  ) , the 500-pound gorilla of global steel production.

I’ll begin by saying that i’m no expert if this involves metals and materials, not to mention the steel industry particularly. Kind I even consider trading inside a company like ArcelorMittal?
Understanding what I’m not sure — that’s, the dynamics from the steel industry  – could keep me from attempting to wax poetical about the subject and attempting to make any kind of forecasts that hinge on that area of the picture. However, you will find things that I know, namely:
* What it really means to become a up and down integrated, world leader with scale.
* The significance of savvy, committed leadership having a substantial possession interest.
* The signposts of solid financial performance.
* How much of an beautifully listed stock appears like.
A good investment in ArcelorMittal would require work on my small part because I’d need to get more up-to-speed with an industry that I am not thoroughly acquainted with. That’s kind of a strike against it (only “kind of” because I actually do enjoy getting my start learning on). About the switch side, the points that I have layed out above are extremely strong selling points to have an investment. So that as a large fan of returns, the situation is not hurt through the stock’s nice dividend yield climax notable the dividend continues to be slashed by half from the peak level in 2008.

By at this time, this really is greatly in contention for that top just right my buy list — presently struggling for your place with Home Depot (New york stock exchange: HD  ) , that we checked out a week ago. But no champion is going to be crowned until I have examined all five from the stocks that I have set to search into. Stay updated for individuals dispatches and my pick from the eventual champion.

Meanwhile, hopefully I have given you plenty to consider. While you digest this and search in to the amounts yourself, you need to proceed and add ArcelorMittal for your watchlist to maintain what are you doing at the organization. Do not have a watchlist? You are fortunate, you can begin one free of charge on this link.

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International trade will give the international consequences of the transactions related to international payments. Means of payment in international transactions using foreign currency or foreign currency. International transactions will affect a country’s balance of payments equilibrium.
International trade encourages countries to create a payment tool that can be accepted by many countries. Upon mutual agreement, international means of payment in the form of foreign exchange that can be cashed in foreign currency.

Foreign exchange rates
Every country has a currency that is different. This difference drives the need for exchange rates or exchange rates. This shows the nominal exchange rate of the domestic currency against foreign currencies in a single unit. However, in the foreign exchange rates you’ll see the difference between the selling rate and buying rate value. The value of foreign exchange rates have an important role in the smooth traffic of international payments. Foreign exchange rates facilitate the exchange of currencies and transfer funds from one country to another country. A foreign currency exchange rate will be amended from time to time. In general, to determine high or low foreign exchange rates consist of free exchange, fixed exchange rate, and exchange rate stabilized.

Factors that cause changes in currency values
Some important factors that influence changes in foreign exchange rates, among others:
a. Changes in prices of export goods
b. Inflation (rise in general prices)
c. Changes in interest rates and return on investment
d. Changes in public taste
e. Noneconomic factors.

The success of economic development is influenced by two important factors.
a. Economic factors
1. Natural resources. Natural sources include soil, minerals, climate, minerals, and all of which can be termed as the natural wealth. Although the resources available in abundance, not enough to serve as economic development capital if it is not utilized as much as possible. Thus, the optimum utilization of natural resources is a more important factor than the amount or quality of the natural resource itself.
2. Human resources. An important factor in economic development due to be doers as well as critical success of economic development. Human resources equipped with physical strength, skill, and mental attitude to managing economic resources. Human resources are strong and high quality is a very important determinant of a country’s economic development success.
3. Capital resources. Capital is used to simplify and improve production efficiency. Capital formation is mostly done through investment in machinery, buildings, factories, and highways. Sufficient capital resources will be vital in supporting the effort to build a strong and stable economy
4. Technology and entrepreneurship. Technology is very influential in changing ways of producing a more efficient and increase in human productivity. So it is with entrepreneurship (entrepreneurship) as the ability to manage the factors of production available. Entrepreneurial skills that qualified will be added value to the success of economic development.

b. Noneconomic factors
In addition to economic factors, the development must also be supported by noneconomic factors. For example a stable political conditions, ease the bureaucratic, social, cultural, and positive attitude toward education.

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Before investing in the stock market, an investor must first open an account at one of the company’s securities. Therefore, as a prospective investor, you should be able to determine the company’s securities are able to secure and provide benefits for which you will deposit the funds. There are several factors you must consider.
a. If you require the services of the most basic of securities companies, such as execute sell orders or purchase orders, you can choose which securities firms could provide these services quickly and accurately.
b. Apparently as a beginner you still need additional services, such as advice or suggestions in making investment decisions. Pilihlan securities companies that have the effect of analysis with good quality and adequate experience.
c. If you want to invest in new shares offered in the primary market, securities companies to choose is active in the process of underwriting the shares.

To determine the appropriate instrument, as an investment advice on capital markets there are some things you should consider.
a. The amount of funds. Funds invested in the stock market should be more money. The fund is not money that you use for everyday purposes and also not the money you used to reserve funds or money for emergency purposes.
b. Investing purposes. First determine your goals in investing in the stock market. Would like to make a profit, if you are interested to pursue a profession in the capital market, or is there another purpose? Prioritize the most important goal of many existing goals.
c. Level of risk. How big is your willingness to accept risk of loss in investing is very important. Willingness to each investor certainly is not the same. It is among others influenced by the individual character, age, occupation, health, and property owned.
d. Period. Duration of investment is the willingness of investors to invest in capital markets.

After that, find the instrument in accordance with the overall investment strategy. Once you determine the proper effect, study the company issuing the securities through a prospectus and other information. If you have limited time or ability to analyze an investment, do not worry, usually securities firms providing professional services to analyze stocks and bonds. The report consists of analysis of fundamental analysis and vertical analysis.

Fundamental analysis is more emphasis on the fundamentals of the issuer, such as financial condition, results of operations, and macro factors that will affect the business prospects of the company. The vertical analysis more emphasis on the estimated price effects in the future based on data movement and the effect of the number of securities trading in the past.

Bond is a certificate that contains the contract between the investor and the company stating that the investor or bondholder has loaned some money to the company. Companies that issue bonds have an obligation to pay interest on a regular basis in accordance with a defined time period and the principal amount at maturity.

There are several types of bonds are traded in capital markets. Bonds issued by a company called corporate bonds. Bonds issued by the government called a government bond. There are also bonds of local governments to finance specific projects, called municipal bond.

If you are interested to invest in bonds, there are some benefits that you will get:
a. Interest. Interest paid on a regular basis for the bond until maturity and established as a percentage of nominal value.
b. Capital gains. Prior to maturity, bonds are usually traded on secondary markets. Of this trade, investors have the opportunity to earn capital gains. Capital gains would also obtained investor when he bought the bonds at a discount, that is by purchasing a lower value than the sale price.
c. Right of first claim. When the company goes bankrupt and is liquidated, bondholders holding the right of first claim on company assets.
d. Convertible bonds. If investors have a convertible bond, he can convert the bonds into shares at a predetermined price. Investors eventually will be benefited on the shares he already has.

In addition to these benefits, you must also be alert to risks that may arise if you want to invest in bonds.
a. Default (default). These risks arise if the issuer or the company fails to pay interest and principal at a predetermined time.
b. Capital loss. Happen if the bond was held to have selling points lower than the purchase price.
c. Callability. Issuer has the right to buy back bonds issued prior to maturity. Thus bonds are usually withdrawn at the interest rates generally tend to decline. Of course in this case the bondholders who have callability requirements will lose money. Usually to compensate for these losses, the issuer will provide premium.

Balance of payments is a systematic summary of international economic transactions within a specified period, usually one year. Balance of payments include buying and selling of goods and services, grants, and financial transactions. Balance of payments provides information on the financial position of a country in its economic relations with other countries and assist in policy making.

In the compilation of balance of payments of economic activity has the following aims:
a. Providing information on foreign exchange positions to the government and entrepreneurs
b. Assist government in decision-making in the field of trade and payment procedures
c. Assist governments in setting monetary policy and fiscal
d. Help to obtain information about the influence of foreign transactions on the national economy
e. To provide information about revenue sources and the use of foreign exchange.

Components of balance of payments
Foreign balance of payments of a country consists of:
1. Current Account
Current account or balance sheet is a brief description of the current transaction value of goods and services a country within one year. Current balance sheet consist of:
a. Trade balance. Used to record the transaction value of exports and imports of goods during the period. Exports of goods are recorded in credit transactions, while imports of goods recorded in debit transactions. If exports exceed imports, the country has a surplus balance of trade or have a positive balance in foreign investment. Conversely, if imports exceed exports, the country has a trade deficit or to obtain a reduction of foreign investment.
b. Balance of services. An organized service activity to a foreign country and received from abroad. Value of service activities including transportation services, insurance, brokerage, banking, and tourism.
c. Balance nonbalas services or transfer payment. Balance is used to record the transactions that are not fringe benefits. Eg Indonesia gives or receives a grant it will be recorded in the balance sheet nonbalas services.

2. Capital account
Capital account balance is used to record all receipts and payments, such as interest, dividends, wages of foreign workers, as well as gifts (grants).

3. Balance counterweight
An account balance of current account surplus or deficit. With the balance of this account, the total value of credit and debit side of the balance of payment will be the same.

4. Difference calculation
The existence of incomplete information and transactions that are not listed or cause the balance of the balance of payments is not the same. Transactions which are not listed will be included in the calculation of the difference.

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There are two functions of the economic functions of capital markets and financial functions. Fungi capital market economy is to provide a facility or vehicle that brings the two interests, ie that the excess funds and those funds are needed. With the stock market then the company can obtain funds from the public owner of the funds through the sale of securities.

Capital market finance functions related to various investment alternatives for investors in capital markets. In capital markets, investors can invest in stocks or bonds. Capital markets provide the possibility and opportunity to obtain rewards for investors. In addition, the existence of capital markets led to increased economic activity as an alternative capital market funding for companies to increase profits and revenue. It was eventually bring prosperity to society more broadly. Therefore, it is proper if all parties working to develop the presence and progress of capital markets in economic activity.

For the economy, capital markets have a very important role. The role is as follows:
a. The capital market is a place in an efficient allocation of funds. Investors can buy securities that are traded in capital markets. Conversely, companies can raise funds by offering instruments or securities in the capital markets.
b. Capital markets are an alternative investment to provide benefits and certain risks.
c. The existence of capital markets allow investors to participate have a healthy company and good prospects, such as through stock ownership.
d. Capital markets encourage the implementation of corporate management in a more professional, transparent, efficient, and profit-oriented. This is done to attract investors willing to invest their capital.
e. Capital markets can increase national economic activity. The companies will be easier to obtain funding so as to encourage more companies going forward. Furthermore, more and more employment opportunities, higher income, and welfare.

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Sharia banks are banks that carry out activities with the rules of Islamic law based on agreement between the bank and the other for storage and payment of funds for the business, or other specified activities in accordance with Islamic Sharia.

In the Islamic trade, two key concepts, namely:
a. Moratorium on the application of interest.
b. Instead used the system for results.

Position of the syariah bank in the relationship with customers is a partner investors, used the techniques and methods of investment such as mudharabah contract, which is a capital owners provide capital and mudharab (partner workforce) providing know-how and skills. Profit is divided between them according to the agreed percentage with reference to the principles of justice (the percentage determined by the effort).

Sharia banks can also do the activities on foreign exchange markets and conduct other banking services, such as letters of credit and letters of guarantee. Also able to do trust business, real estate and consulting services. Principles of sharia banks, among others:
a. Mudharabah principle (funding based on the principles for results). Bank to capitalize on this, the client provides its membership, the ratio of profit divided by the agreed rate.
b. Murabahah (the principle of selling goods with profit). Customers purchasing a commodity according to specific details, the bank sent to clients based on price consideration prior agreement of both parties.
c. Musharakah principles (based on the principles of financing capital participation). Bank and client become partners in their efforts to contribute capital gains rate menyepakati upfront for a certain time.
d. The principle of Ijarah (lease financing based on pure capital goods without the option).
e. The principle of Ijarah wa iqtina (with optional transfer ownership of the goods they rented from the bank by others).