Sunday , 19 May 2013

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Innovation Strategy of Traditional Market


Based on the above explanation, then the strategy that must be taken in the development of traditional markets include some things, namely: the strengthening of market participants to develop the human resources market, cooperative partnerships with local producers to market local product development, purchasing cooperatives collectively through the market to fix prices for producers and small traders, the arrangement (setting) and the revitalization of the market stalls next zone to maximize the function of the market place, move the public passion since early through various promotions in the public media, perform a variety of business innovation to optimize service to customers.

While the aspects of actors, need a serious effort to develop a material capital (innovation building, lay-out and setting, and the products sold in traditional markets), intellectual capital (innovation the way businesses, marketing “social value” (social marketing), and imaging (branding) of traditional markets, and institutional (innovation membership, collective effort, resource folders, and network (networking) organization of traditional market players.) Specifically pengembangn cooperative market can be done through the expansion of membership base, business diversification, expanding partnerships, and education of members intensively.

Bids can be driven model for market development include the Independent Market Model, Model Goods Market Integration, Market Services, and Regional Market Event, Model Traditional Market Integration and Cluster Special Markets, Market Integration Model Village, Special Markets, and Local Events Markets, Model Economic Corridor (Shopping-belt) Special Market Tour, and Model Development of Cooperative Market in Yogyakarta (Bukopy).

Studies PUSTEK-UGM and LOS DIY held in late 2010 and early 2011 this can be one of the prefix for the policy of protection and development of traditional markets in Yogyakarta. It is also hoped the study could be lighter for the government and parliament DIY efforts that are currently working on a draft regulation, government and regency and city that are clean in the traditional market management.

In addition to direct actors such as service-level market, the cooperative market, market traders, APPSI, can close ranks to keep the spirit of working together to develop the traditional markets in Yogyakarta Special Region. With so hopefully highlights the DIY market is growing dimmer and the market is not exactly getting ilang kumandange.

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Definition of bank and primary functions of bank


In today’s modern times, certainly most people already know about the bank and use his services, either as a place to save money or as a place to borrow funds. In the modern economic order, economic traffic activities require the services of many banks, particularly the distribution of funds that are productive and related storage and withdrawal of funds from the community desperately needed for development in the economic field. Because the role of banks in the economy is very important, then every state passed a law on banking. In Indonesia, the problems associated with banks regulated in the Act No.7 of 1992, namely that banks are business entities that raise funds from the public in the form of deposits and deliver to the community in order to improve the living standard of the people.

The main function of banks
In general, there are five main functions of banks is as follows:
a. As a place to collect funds from the community. Bank in charge of securing the money savings and time deposits and deposits in a checking account or current account.
b. As a distributor of funds or credit. Bank’s duty to give credit to people in need, particularly for productive ventures.
c. As providers. The bank provides payment services, exchange, finance, foreign trade, and others.
d. As an agency that regulates the circulation of money. Bank as an institution that has the authority to print and circulate the money necessary to balance the circulation of money in order to avoid inflation or deflation.
e. As institutions that maintain a stable value of money. Bank responsible for managing the circulation of money, provide guarantees gold for each new currency printed and circulated.

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Functions and benefits of capital market


Capital market has the function as follows:
a. As intermediaries in trading securities, long-term.
b. As a guarantor in the issuance of long-term securities.
c. Help provide loans to companies by buying bonds issued.
d. Helping companies to enlarge their business capital through the sale of shares.
e. Simplify and accelerate the monetization of securities as well as trying to improve the circulation of securities (securities).
f. Encourage and develop business activities.
g. Enhance and create equitable distribution of income for the community.
h. Spur national economic growth.
i. As a secondary market, meaning that the stock exchange not only serves as the capital markets, but also as the money market. The second function is called the secondary market.
j. As a collector of public funds to boost economic growth.

The benefits of capital market
Capital markets has benefits as follows:
a. Fulfillment of a long-term credit to finance fixed assets, such as machinery, buildings, vehicles and so on, so it will better ensure continuity of business enterprise.
b. Encourage and develop the growth of the business world.
c. Enhance and create equitable distribution of income for the community.
d. Expanding employment that will reduce pangangguran.
e. Increasing national production and national economic growth.
f. The government obtained additional tax revenue from the resulting increase in economic growth.
g. Provide income for people associated with the issuance and trading on stock exchanges.
h. Investors earn profits or interest payments from the company that issued the securities.
i. People can enjoy the additional production generated by the business.
j. Provide an opportunity for communities to have company and enjoy the results.

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History of Credit Cards, Credit Card Innovation, and Benefits of Credit Cards


To buy something now we no longer need to carry lots of cash. Because, now we can pay with a credit card swipe only. In addition to practical, it is also considered to be safer when traveling because we do not need to bring much cash. Plus, many ordinary attractive discounts offered by certain credit cards. Well, multi-benefit is not it? But, you know it turns out the credit card has been around since 1951?

Actually, the credit system has existed since three thousand years ago in Assyria, Babylon, and Egypt. Then the draft – as the beginning of paper money – raised since the 14th century. Followed by the appearance of paper money in the 17th century. Payment system with the credits begin to be advertised the first time by Christopher Thornton in 1730 in which payment can be paid weekly furniture business.

In the 18th century until the beginning of the 20th century, there are people who sell clothes to be paid in installment every week. The person called “tallymen” because the calculation of data in a record store wood bat. One side to mark the amount of debt and on the one hand to record the number of installments already paid.

It was only in 1951, credit cards appeared for the first time. Credit system with this card issued by Diners Club for 200 subscribers that can be used in 27 restaurants in New York, United States. Since then, the system is growing. One is the innovation of friction with a magnetic ribbon. For this magnetic tape, actually begins from the use by the London Transit Authority in the early 1960′s. Which is considered more practical system is then implemented on the credit cards to date, the latter magnet is then shifted again by the use of the chip is more secure.

Thus, the innovation of credit cards to make this system a means of payment that is often used by people a lot to pay for something. We did not need to bring plenty of cash so the safety factor is more awake. Additionally, various discounts from credit cards can be utilized to get a cheaper price when paying in certain places.

Incoming Terms:

Company and business entity


Production efforts made ​​by society in general carried out in a separate economic units called companies. Another term used is a business entity. But in economics is often distinguished between the business entity with the company. Business entity as an agency efforts undertaken by the society and government, called the State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), such as PLN, PJKA, GIA, PELNI, and so on with the following requirements:
a. Has a certain position
b. Conduct business openly
c. Carried out continuously
d. Has the goal of profit
e. Business license from the government

While the company is an economic unit which aims at performing a part of the production process. In the company carried out against the exploitation of natural resources, labor, and capital to produce a production either in the form of goods and services. Usually the problems that arise within the company to produce goods or services are as follows:
a. Cost issues (sources of capital and the use of capital)
b. Technical problems (the implementation of enterprise, efficiency, effectiveness)
c. Issue price (cost price and sale price)
d. The issue of profit and loss
e. Problem management

Therefore when setting up a business then it should consider the following matters:
a. What is produced
b. How to implement
c. For whom the production was
d. Where is the right place to set up a company
e. Form what is most appropriate company
f. What risks will be faced

Distribution system and distribution offender


Travel goods and services between producers and consumers through distribution channels, both the spread, or concentration, is always there. Distribution as a trading business system has the following characteristics:
a. Interrelated to one another
b. Distribution is a unitary
c. Consists of several elements of distribution channels
d. Serve each other between one element with another element
e. Distribution of goods can be done by land, sea and air

In countries that hold free or liberal economy, the spread of goods and services largely determined by the ability of the market. Depending on the strength of public demand, and supply of goods and services from the manufacturer.

In communist countries that implement a socialist economic system, distribution of goods and services is limited. Characterized by:
a. Everyone should not buy more than a certain amount
b. All types of goods is restricted
c. Everything is regulated by the state, including items of daily living needs, as well as land ownership is restricted

Perpetrators distribution
1. Retailers, also called the retailer and its activities are:
a. Buy goods in large quantities from wholesalers.
b. Selling goods at retail or in the number of units.

2. Wholesalers
Wholesale traders are traders who buy goods in large quantities and sell them in large numbers as well. They buy directly from manufacturers and sell them to retailers.

3. Wholesalers or agents
Wholesaler or dealer is a merchant whose activities are buying and selling goods in a large party, do not serve in a piecemeal sale. They act as an importer and exporter, buy or collect the goods from the merchants medium, or direct purchase from manufacturers and sell to retailers but also not to intermediate traders. Usually they operate in national and even international, interstate, or between regions.

requirements necessary to become a successful entrepreneur


Lately the issue of entrepreneurship is growing warmer. Works as an employee has been felt not so interesting anymore, because now many people have realized that if they want to be successful and wealthy, the profession as a businessman is more promising than just as a person who routinely receives a monthly salary. Then the terms of what it takes to become a great entrepreneur? The following is a description of the conditions required it.

a. Initiative. An entrepreneur has an independent initiative to utilize all kinds of resources, namely natural resources, human resources, etc., to produce something good or service which will result in financial gain.
b. Decision-making ability. An entrepreneur must have the ability to make decisions with respect to all kinds of resources it has to be a combination of these resources could generate maximum profits. For example the question of the type of goods produced, marketing strategy, positioning personnel in management, the determination of financial management, and so forth.
c. Innovative. An entrepreneur must have innovative ideas to produce new innovations that enable it to survive in business competition is tight. Such as developing new products or find new ways of producing goods at low cost. Without continuous innovation, will be very difficult to continue to survive and compete with other employers.
d. Courage in taking risks. An entrepreneur is a calculated risk taker. Taking risks in business requires a lot of courage. If you do not have the mental strength to take risks, you will not last long been an entrepreneur. Risk-taking will give you the necessary experience and learning so that you can develop more advanced and more successful. However, the risk must still be calculated according to the circumstances and the strengths and weaknesses you have. Not a blind courage.

In theory it is easy to become entrepreneurs, but in practice, only a handful of people who actually went on to become a true entrepreneur. Hopefully you fall into the category of a true entrepreneur-minded champion. Amen.

Mining (extractive)


Such companies seek mined from the bowels of the earth or collected from the natural wealth. In Indonesia, mining companies conducted by the government or the State Owned Enterprises (SOEs). Because these types of companies are considered very strategic and a lot of interest to many people.

This type of mining companies such as:
a. Pertamina (Company Mining Oil and Gas)
b. PN Timah
c. PN Coal Mining
d. PN Gas
e. PN LPG (liquefied natural gas)
f. Mas Mining PN
g. PN Bauxite Mining
h. PN Mining Natural Asphalt
i. PN Nickel and Copper Mines
j. Sea fishing
k. Forest logging

Although there are mining business conducted on an individual basis such as gold panning, diamond, or private national, foreign private, but still small. For example Cikotok mining in West Java, Rejang Lebong in South Sumatra, Martawa, South Kalimantan, conducted by the surrounding community.

So the mining company in Indonesia is still controlled by the state in accordance with the article 33, paragraph 2 and 3 of the 1945 Constitution. While in developed countries has been mostly done by private companies.

The mining company is seeking:
a. Search or exploration of new sources of mining on land and at sea
b. Trenching, drilling
c. Mining
d. Processing
e. Sales or marketing
f. Distribution

Given this type of business requires a very expensive cost for capital investment first, then at the time of exploration or the search should be able to calculate and estimate the exact capacity of the existing content in the bowels of the earth, so pengusahaannya can be profitable. For example the capacity of gold, petroleum, iron ore, nickel, or copper that will not run out for 50 years. If less than 25 years is up, then it will lose money because of the high cost of invested capital or in the form of sophisticated tools and expertise.

Organizing function of management


Organizing performed to classify the activities required, namely the set structure of the organization as well as the duties and functions of each unit in the organization, and to determine the position and nature of the relationship between each unit. Organizing can be defined as the overall management activities in the group of people, and the determination of duties, functions of the authority, and responsibilities of each with the goal of creating an organization that has the power and order, and succeeded in achieving the objectives that have been determined in advance.

In doing organizing, a lot of things to consider. Like for instance, education levels of employees, the nature and character of employees, a culture that becomes the background of life of employees, level of competition, the state’s business environment, and so forth. Those things are very important to consider, due to errors in organizing could hurt the company. Therefore, understanding the situation and conditions of employees is very important to note.

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Business Forecasting


Forecasting or Prevoyance (France) is the predicted activity, project or make estimates of the various possibilities that occurred before anything more definite plans to do. For example, an academy, predicts the number of students who will register for the educated at the academy. Divination is done by using several indicators, such as the number of high school graduates, the number of high school, and so forth. An enterprise engaged in industry should be held forecasting about how great the number of their products by taking into account the number of production companies, per capita income members of society, buying habits, and so forth. So, in other words, forecasting has a very important role in determining what should be done in order to get success in the future. Could also be a good tool in determining management decisions.

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